L., 1987, The value of oocyte reinsemination in human in vitro fertilization, Fertil. Quigley, eds.), Plenum Press, New York, pp. P, 1984, Sperm capacitation, in: Human In Vitro Fertilization and Embryo Transfer ( D. L., 1987, Relationships between polypronuclear fertilization and follicular fluid hormones in gonadotropin-treated women, Fertil. III, Blasco, L., Mastroianni, L., Jr., and Flickinger, G. W, and Mastroianni, L., Jr., 1986, Fertilization and cleavage after reinsemination of human oocytes in vitro, Fertil. Short, eds.), Cambridge University Press, New York, pp. M., 1982, Fertilization, in: Reproduction in Mammals, Book 1, Germ Cells and Fertilization ( C. J., 1984, Laparoscopic follicular aspiration, in: Human In Vitro Fertilization and Embryo Transfer ( D. 5: 321–329.īaca, M., and Zamboni, L., 1967, The fine structure of human follicular oocytes, J. J., Ross, A., Hargreave, T., Richardson, D., and Best, E, 1984, Analysis of human sperm function following exposure to the ionophore A23187, J. (ed.), 1986, The zona-free hamster oocyte penetration test and the diagnosis of male fertility, Int. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.Īitken, R. These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. Several peer-reviewed journals now devote major attention to the clinical and applied aspects of IVF -Fertility and Sterility, Human Reproduction, and Journal of In Vitro Fertilization and Embryo Transfer. A summary of the IVF experience in the United States for 1987 has appeared (Medical Research International et al., 1989). Over 15,000 babies have been born by IVF-ET, which means that the experience base in man exceeds that in all other mammalian species with the possible exception of the mouse. About 15% of egg retrieval cycles end in pregnancy and live birth resulting from the transfer of, on average, three embryos. The application, confined originally to the hopelessly infertile patient with irreparably damaged or absent fallopian tubes, has expanded to include idiopathic, male, endometriosis, cervical, and immunologic etiologies. In the ensuing 12 years, human IVFET has evolved into standard medical practice for the treatment of many types of infertility, and the service is now offered by some 700 clinics in 48 countries. Clinical IVF-ET was initiated with the birth of baby Louise Brown in 1978 following several years of pioneering effort by Patrick Steptoe and Robert Edwards.
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